ABPath General Pathology Principles 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The predominant cell type in acute inflammation during the first 24 hours is the:
- Lymphocyte
- Neutrophil (Correct answer)
- Plasma cell
- Eosinophil
Correct answer: Neutrophil
Neutrophils are the first responders and dominate the early acute inflammatory infiltrate.
Question 2: Which vascular change is responsible for the redness and warmth (rubor and calor) of acute inflammation?
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation and increased blood flow (Correct answer)
- Decreased vascular permeability
- Thrombosis of arterioles
Correct answer: Vasodilation and increased blood flow
Vasodilation increases local blood flow, producing the warmth and redness of inflammation.
Question 3: Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by aggregates of activated macrophages known as:
- Foam cells
- Epithelioid cells (Correct answer)
- Reed-Sternberg cells
- Mast cells
Correct answer: Epithelioid cells
Granulomas contain epithelioid histiocytes, which are activated macrophages with abundant cytoplasm.
Question 4: The chemical mediator most responsible for pain in inflammation, along with prostaglandins, is:
- Histamine
- Bradykinin (Correct answer)
- Fibrinogen
- Selectin
Correct answer: Bradykinin
Bradykinin and prostaglandins are key mediators that sensitize nerve endings and produce pain.
Question 5: Leukocyte rolling along the endothelium during inflammation is mediated primarily by:
- Integrins
- Selectins (Correct answer)
- Cadherins
- Immunoglobulins
Correct answer: Selectins
Selectins mediate the initial loose, rolling adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelium.
Question 6: Serous inflammation is best exemplified by:
- A skin blister with clear fluid (Correct answer)
- A pus-filled abscess
- A fibrinous pericarditis
- A caseating granuloma
Correct answer: A skin blister with clear fluid
Serous inflammation involves outpouring of thin, protein-poor fluid, as seen in a skin blister.
Question 7: Chronic inflammation is distinguished from acute inflammation by the prominence of:
- Neutrophils and edema
- Mononuclear cells and tissue destruction with repair (Correct answer)
- Immediate vasoconstriction
- Margination of platelets
Correct answer: Mononuclear cells and tissue destruction with repair
Chronic inflammation features macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, ongoing tissue damage, and attempts at repair.
ABPath General Pathology Principles 3
The predominant cell type in acute inflammation during the first 24 hours is the: