ABO Ocular Disease & Pathology 5

Question 1

A patient with myasthenia gravis presents with ptosis and diplopia that worsen with sustained upgaze and improve with rest. Which test is used to confirm the diagnosis at the bedside?

Accepted Answer

Ice pack test

Answer

Applying ice to a ptotic lid for 2 minutes reduces the ptosis in myasthenia gravis by slowing acetylcholinesterase activity at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 2

Haab's striae in the cornea of an infant indicate which diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Congenital glaucoma (buphthalmos)

Answer

Haab's striae are breaks in Descemet's membrane caused by elevated IOP stretching the infant eye in congenital glaucoma.

Question 3

Which finding best differentiates wet (neovascular) AMD from dry AMD on clinical exam?

Accepted Answer

Subretinal fluid or hemorrhage at the macula

Answer

Subretinal fluid or hemorrhage from CNV defines wet AMD; drusen and geographic atrophy are features of dry AMD.

Question 4

A patient with HIV and CD4 count <50 cells/µL presents with painless progressive peripheral visual field loss and 'pizza pie' fundus appearance. The most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

CMV retinitis

Answer

CMV retinitis classically produces hemorrhagic, necrotizing retinitis with a 'pizza pie' or 'cottage cheese and ketchup' fundus in severely immunocompromised HIV patients.

Question 5

A Hollenhorst plaque (cholesterol embolus) seen at an arteriolar bifurcation is most likely to originate from which location?

Accepted Answer

The carotid artery

Answer

Hollenhorst plaques are cholesterol crystals that typically originate from atheromatous plaques in the ipsilateral carotid artery.

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test

ABO Ocular Disease & Pathology 5