ABO Ocular Disease & Pathology 3

Question 1

A 70-year-old diabetic patient presents with new vessels at the disc (NVD) and vitreous hemorrhage. According to ETDRS criteria, this represents which stage of diabetic retinopathy?

Accepted Answer

High-risk proliferative DR

Answer

NVD of any size with vitreous hemorrhage meets ETDRS high-risk proliferative DR criteria, requiring prompt pan-retinal photocoagulation.

Question 2

Which nerve fiber bundle is most susceptible to early damage in primary open-angle glaucoma, producing an arcuate scotoma on visual field testing?

Accepted Answer

Superior and inferior arcuate fibers

Answer

The superior and inferior arcuate bundles are most vulnerable to glaucomatous damage, producing arcuate (Bjerrum) scotomas.

Question 3

A child presents with a unilateral white pupillary reflex (leukocoria). Which of the following is the most urgent diagnosis to rule out?

Accepted Answer

Retinoblastoma

Answer

Retinoblastoma is a life-threatening intraocular malignancy and must be excluded first in any child with leukocoria.

Question 4

Pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in age-related macular degeneration is best characterized on OCT as:

Accepted Answer

Dome-shaped elevation of the RPE off Bruch's membrane

Answer

PED appears on OCT as a dome-shaped elevation of the RPE layer separated from Bruch's membrane by fluid or fibrovascular tissue.

Question 5

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) in a patient over 60 with jaw claudication and elevated ESR most suggests which underlying etiology?

Accepted Answer

Giant cell arteritis

Answer

Jaw claudication and elevated ESR in an elderly patient with AION strongly indicate giant cell (temporal) arteritis, a medical emergency.

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test

ABO Ocular Disease & Pathology 3