ABO Pharmacology & Ocular Therapeutics

Question 1

Which drug class is typically considered first-line pharmacotherapy for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the US?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandin analogs

Answer

Prostaglandin analogs such as latanoprost are first-line for POAG due to their strong IOP-lowering efficacy and once-daily dosing convenience.

Question 2

Beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., timolol) lower intraocular pressure primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing aqueous humor production

Answer

Beta-blockers reduce IOP by blocking β-adrenergic receptors on the ciliary epithelium, decreasing aqueous humor secretion.

Question 3

Brimonidine (Alphagan) belongs to which pharmacological class?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

Answer

Brimonidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that lowers IOP by reducing aqueous production and increasing uveoscleral outflow.

Question 4

Which topical anesthetic is most commonly used during ophthalmic procedures such as tonometry and foreign body removal?

Accepted Answer

Proparacaine

Answer

Proparacaine is the most widely used topical ophthalmic anesthetic, providing rapid corneal and conjunctival anesthesia without injection.

Question 5

Cyclopentolate is classified pharmacologically as a:

Accepted Answer

Mydriatic-cycloplegic agent

Answer

Cyclopentolate is an anticholinergic that produces both pupil dilation (mydriasis) and paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia) for refraction exams.

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test