ABO Ocular Disease & Pathology

Question 1

What is the primary risk factor for open-angle glaucoma in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Elevated intraocular pressure

Answer

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary modifiable risk factor for open-angle glaucoma, though the disease can occur at normal IOP levels (normal-tension glaucoma).

Question 2

Which condition is characterized by the gradual clouding of the crystalline lens?

Accepted Answer

Cataract

Answer

A cataract is the progressive opacification of the crystalline lens, typically age-related, causing decreased visual acuity, glare, and altered color perception.

Question 3

Drusen deposits in the macula are a hallmark sign of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Answer

Drusen are yellowish deposits of lipid and protein that accumulate beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and are the earliest clinical sign of age-related macular degeneration.

Question 4

What visual field defect is most commonly associated with early open-angle glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Arcuate scotoma

Answer

An arcuate (Bjerrum) scotoma following the distribution of retinal nerve fiber bundles is the classic early visual field defect in open-angle glaucoma.

Question 5

Which type of diabetic retinopathy is characterized by neovascularization?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels (neovascularization) in response to retinal ischemia.

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test

ABO Ocular Disease & Pathology