ABO NOCE Basic Opticianry Ocular Anatomy and Conditions 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) primarily affects which area of vision?
- Peripheral vision
- Central vision (Correct answer)
- Superior visual field
- Inferior visual field
Correct answer: Central vision
AMD damages the macula, which is responsible for sharp central vision used for reading, driving, and recognizing faces.
Question 2: The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the:
- Lens and vitreous
- Cornea and iris/lens (Correct answer)
- Iris and ciliary body
- Retina and choroid
Correct answer: Cornea and iris/lens
The anterior chamber is bounded anteriorly by the corneal endothelium and posteriorly by the iris and anterior lens surface, filled with aqueous humor.
Question 3: Which condition is characterized by inward turning of the eyelid margin, causing lashes to rub against the cornea?
- Ectropion
- Ptosis
- Entropion (Correct answer)
- Blepharitis
Correct answer: Entropion
Entropion is the inward rotation of the eyelid margin causing the lashes (trichiasis) to contact and potentially damage the cornea.
Question 4: Hyperopia is corrected with which type of spectacle lens?
- Concave (minus) lens
- Plano lens
- Convex (plus) lens (Correct answer)
- Cylindrical lens only
Correct answer: Convex (plus) lens
Hyperopia (farsightedness) is an underpowered optical system corrected by adding converging power with a convex (plus) lens.
Question 5: The lacrimal gland is located in which part of the orbit?
- Medial inferior orbit
- Lateral superior orbit (Correct answer)
- Nasal bridge
- Medial canthus
Correct answer: Lateral superior orbit
The lacrimal gland sits in the lacrimal fossa in the lateral superior (superotemporal) portion of the orbit.
Question 6: Which type of glaucoma involves a narrow or closed iridocorneal angle blocking aqueous drainage?
- Open-angle glaucoma
- Normal-tension glaucoma
- Angle-closure glaucoma (Correct answer)
- Secondary glaucoma
Correct answer: Angle-closure glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the iris physically blocks the trabecular meshwork drainage angle, causing a rapid and dramatic rise in IOP.
Question 7: The retinal blood supply originates from which primary vessel?
- Ophthalmic artery via the central retinal artery (Correct answer)
- Internal carotid artery directly
- External carotid artery
- Posterior ciliary arteries only
Correct answer: Ophthalmic artery via the central retinal artery
The central retinal artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery (from the internal carotid), enters through the optic nerve to supply the inner retinal layers.
ABO NOCE Basic Opticianry Ocular Anatomy and Conditions 5
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) primarily affects which area of vision?