ABIM Nephrology

Question 1

A 60-year-old diabetic patient has proteinuria of 3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminemia, and peripheral edema. Serum creatinine is normal. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer

Nephritic syndrome

Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Prerenal azotemia

Question 2

A patient presents with oliguria after surgery. BUN is 42 mg/dL, creatinine is 1.4 mg/dL (BUN:Cr ratio = 30). Urine sodium is 8 mEq/L and FENa is 0.5%. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Prerenal azotemia

Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Postrenal obstruction

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Question 3

A patient with CKD stage 4 has a serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L with peaked T waves on ECG. What is the immediate treatment?

Accepted Answer

IV calcium gluconate

Answer

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Answer

Kayexalate enema

Answer

Furosemide IV

Question 4

Which acid-base disorder is most commonly associated with diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Answer

High anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 5

A 35-year-old woman with SLE develops nephrotic-range proteinuria and hematuria. Renal biopsy shows wire-loop lesions on light microscopy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lupus nephritis class IV (diffuse proliferative)

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Question 6

Which medication should be avoided or dose-adjusted in a patient with GFR of 20 mL/min/1.73m²?

Accepted Answer

Metformin

Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Acetaminophen