YMCA Anatomy & Kinesiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The lumbar spine's primary movement plane is:
- Rotation
- Lateral flexion
- Flexion and extension (Correct answer)
- Circumduction
Correct answer: Flexion and extension
The lumbar spine's facet joint orientation primarily allows flexion and extension, with very limited rotation.
Question 2: Which structure connects muscle to bone?
- Ligament
- Tendon (Correct answer)
- Fascia
- Cartilage
Correct answer: Tendon
Tendons are dense connective tissue structures that attach muscle to bone and transmit muscular forces.
Question 3: The thoracic spine has how many vertebrae?
- 5
- 7
- 10
- 12 (Correct answer)
Correct answer: 12
The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae (T1–T12), each articulating with a pair of ribs.
Question 4: Which action does the iliopsoas primarily perform?
- Hip extension
- Hip abduction
- Hip flexion (Correct answer)
- Hip external rotation
Correct answer: Hip flexion
The iliopsoas is the primary hip flexor, connecting the lumbar spine and ilium to the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Question 5: What is the name of the cartilage pad found between each vertebra?
- Meniscus
- Intervertebral disc (Correct answer)
- Labrum
- Articular cartilage
Correct answer: Intervertebral disc
Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers between vertebrae, consisting of a tough outer annulus fibrosus and a gel-like nucleus pulposus.
Question 6: The movement of bringing the arm across the body toward the midline is called:
- Abduction
- Adduction (Correct answer)
- Circumduction
- Pronation
Correct answer: Adduction
Adduction moves a limb toward the body's midline, while abduction moves it away from the midline.
Question 7: Which plane of motion divides the body into anterior and posterior halves?
- Sagittal plane
- Frontal (coronal) plane (Correct answer)
- Transverse plane
- Oblique plane
Correct answer: Frontal (coronal) plane
The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.
YMCA Anatomy & Kinesiology 3
The lumbar spine's primary movement plane is: