YMCA Anatomy & Kinesiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which muscle group is primarily responsible for spinal flexion during a seated forward fold?
- Erector spinae
- Rectus abdominis (Correct answer)
- Quadratus lumborum
- Gluteus maximus
Correct answer: Rectus abdominis
The rectus abdominis contracts to flex the spine, bringing the thorax toward the pelvis in forward folds.
Question 2: The glenohumeral joint is best classified as which type of joint?
- Hinge joint
- Saddle joint
- Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
- Pivot joint
Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint
The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is a ball-and-socket joint allowing the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body.
Question 3: During Warrior II, the front knee should track over which structure to protect the joint?
- The big toe
- The second or third toe (Correct answer)
- The ankle medial malleolus
- The heel
Correct answer: The second or third toe
Aligning the knee over the second or third toe maintains proper patellofemoral tracking and prevents valgus stress.
Question 4: Which nerve is most at risk during prolonged kneeling poses due to compression at the lateral knee?
- Sciatic nerve
- Femoral nerve
- Common peroneal nerve (Correct answer)
- Tibial nerve
Correct answer: Common peroneal nerve
The common peroneal nerve wraps around the fibular head and is vulnerable to compression in prolonged kneeling.
Question 5: In anatomical position, the term 'medial' refers to structures that are:
- Closer to the surface of the body
- Farther from the midline
- Closer to the midline (Correct answer)
- Closer to the feet
Correct answer: Closer to the midline
Medial describes structures positioned closer to the body's midline, as opposed to lateral which is farther from the midline.
Question 6: Which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff?
- Deltoid
- Pectoralis major
- Infraspinatus (Correct answer)
- Biceps brachii
Correct answer: Infraspinatus
The infraspinatus is one of the four rotator cuff muscles (SITS: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis).
Question 7: What type of muscle contraction occurs in the quadriceps when slowly lowering from Chair Pose to the floor?
- Concentric contraction
- Isometric contraction
- Eccentric contraction (Correct answer)
- Isotonic contraction
Correct answer: Eccentric contraction
Eccentric contraction occurs when a muscle generates force while lengthening, as the quadriceps do when controlling descent.
YMCA Anatomy & Kinesiology 2
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for spinal flexion during a seated forward fold?