VTNE Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which controlled substance schedule includes drugs with accepted medical use but high potential for abuse, such as morphine?
- Schedule I
- Schedule II (Correct answer)
- Schedule III
- Schedule IV
Correct answer: Schedule II
Schedule II drugs have accepted medical use but a high potential for abuse and severe psychological or physical dependence.
Question 2: A dog is prescribed metronidazole 15 mg/kg PO BID. The dog weighs 22 lbs. How many milligrams per dose should be administered?
- 100 mg
- 150 mg (Correct answer)
- 200 mg
- 250 mg
Correct answer: 150 mg
22 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 10 kg; 10 kg × 15 mg/kg = 150 mg per dose.
Question 3: Which drug class is commonly used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine sedation in veterinary patients?
- Opioid antagonists
- Alpha-2 antagonists
- Benzodiazepine antagonists (Correct answer)
- Anticholinergics
Correct answer: Benzodiazepine antagonists
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the effects of diazepam and midazolam.
Question 4: What is the primary mechanism of action of NSAIDs in veterinary patients?
- Block opioid receptors
- Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (Correct answer)
- Antagonize histamine receptors
- Stimulate alpha-2 adrenergic receptors
Correct answer: Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes
NSAIDs reduce inflammation and pain by inhibiting COX-1 and/or COX-2 enzymes, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis.
Question 5: Which route of administration provides the fastest onset of drug action?
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous (Correct answer)
- Oral
Correct answer: Intravenous
Intravenous administration delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation, providing the fastest onset of action.
Question 6: A cat receives 0.01 mg/kg of buprenorphine. The cat weighs 4.5 kg. The concentration available is 0.3 mg/mL. How many mL should be given?
- 0.10 mL
- 0.15 mL (Correct answer)
- 0.20 mL
- 0.25 mL
Correct answer: 0.15 mL
4.5 kg × 0.01 mg/kg = 0.045 mg; 0.045 mg ÷ 0.3 mg/mL = 0.15 mL.
Question 7: Which antiparasitic drug class works by causing irreversible opening of glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrates?
- Benzimidazoles
- Macrocyclic lactones (Correct answer)
- Organophosphates
- Pyrethrins
Correct answer: Macrocyclic lactones
Macrocyclic lactones (e.g., ivermectin, milbemycin) work by opening glutamate-gated chloride channels, causing paralysis and death of parasites.
VTNE Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2
Which controlled substance schedule includes drugs with accepted medical use but high potential for abuse, such as morphine?