VTNE Medical Nursing 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which oxygen delivery method provides the highest inspired oxygen concentration for a dyspneic patient?
- Flow-by oxygen
- Nasal cannula
- Oxygen cage
- Non-rebreather mask with reservoir bag (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Non-rebreather mask with reservoir bag
A non-rebreather mask with a reservoir bag can deliver FiO2 approaching 90–100%, far exceeding other delivery methods.
Question 2: A cat receiving a blood transfusion suddenly develops facial swelling and vomiting. The immediate action should be:
- Slow the transfusion rate by 50%
- Stop the transfusion immediately (Correct answer)
- Continue monitoring without intervention
- Administer diphenhydramine and continue
Correct answer: Stop the transfusion immediately
Acute transfusion reactions require immediate cessation of the transfusion to prevent life-threatening anaphylaxis or hemolysis.
Question 3: A dog's packed cell volume (PCV) is 18%. This result indicates:
- Polycythemia
- Normal PCV
- Anemia (Correct answer)
- Dehydration artifact
Correct answer: Anemia
The normal canine PCV is 37–55%; a value of 18% is well below this range and indicates significant anemia.
Question 4: The preferred position for a patient in respiratory distress to maximize lung expansion is:
- Dorsal recumbency
- Left lateral recumbency
- Sternal recumbency (Correct answer)
- Trendelenburg position
Correct answer: Sternal recumbency
Sternal recumbency allows gravity to assist diaphragmatic movement and provides the greatest functional residual capacity in the lungs.
Question 5: A 20 kg dog is assessed to be 10% dehydrated. What is the calculated fluid deficit that should be replaced?
- 200 mL
- 2,000 mL (Correct answer)
- 20 mL
- 500 mL
Correct answer: 2,000 mL
Fluid deficit = body weight (kg) × % dehydration × 1,000 mL = 20 × 0.10 × 1,000 = 2,000 mL.
Question 6: A male cat is straining repeatedly at the litter box but producing only a few drops of bloody urine. This presentation is most suspicious for:
- Polyuria from chronic kidney disease
- Urethral obstruction (Correct answer)
- Feline idiopathic cystitis without obstruction
- Urinary incontinence
Correct answer: Urethral obstruction
Urethral obstruction presents as repeated straining with little to no urine output and is a life-threatening emergency in male cats.
Question 7: The preferred peripheral venipuncture site for IV catheter placement in dogs is the:
- Jugular vein
- Cephalic vein (Correct answer)
- Lateral saphenous vein
- Femoral vein
Correct answer: Cephalic vein
The cephalic vein on the forelimb is the most commonly used peripheral IV catheter site in dogs due to its accessibility and ease of restraint.
VTNE Medical Nursing 2
Which oxygen delivery method provides the highest inspired oxygen concentration for a dyspneic patient?