Pharmacology and Medications Flashcards
6 cards from real Vision and Ophthalmology practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pharmacology and Medications flashcards as text
Bevacizumab (Avastin) used off-label in ophthalmology is an example of which drug class?
Answer: Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody
Bevacizumab is a full-length humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, used off-label intravitreally for wet AMD, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusions.
Steroid-induced glaucoma is most commonly associated with which route of administration?
Answer: Topical ophthalmic steroids (especially potent ones like prednisolone)
Topical ophthalmic corticosteroids, particularly potent ones like prednisolone acetate 1%, most commonly cause steroid-induced IOP elevation due to direct trabecular effects.
Brimonidine (Alphagan) reduces IOP by which dual mechanism?
Answer: Stimulates alpha-2 receptors to reduce aqueous production and increase uveoscleral outflow
Brimonidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that reduces IOP by both decreasing aqueous production and increasing uveoscleral outflow.
Which antiviral medication is first-line treatment for herpes simplex virus keratitis?
Answer: Acyclovir or ganciclovir (topical/oral)
Topical trifluridine or ganciclovir gel, or oral acyclovir/valacyclovir, are first-line treatments for HSV epithelial keratitis.
Natamycin eye drops are the treatment of choice for which type of keratitis?
Answer: Fungal keratitis (especially filamentous fungi like Fusarium)
Natamycin, a polyene antifungal, is the only FDA-approved topical antifungal eye drop and is first-line for filamentous fungal keratitis such as Fusarium.
Which class of medication is used to treat posterior uveitis by suppressing intraocular inflammation?
Answer: Corticosteroids (topical, periocular, or systemic)
Corticosteroids are the primary treatment for non-infectious uveitis, administered topically for anterior disease, periocularly or intravitreally for intermediate/posterior disease.