Ocular Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
6 cards from real Vision and Ophthalmology practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text
Which layer of the retina contains the cell bodies of the rod and cone photoreceptors?
Answer: Outer nuclear layer
The outer nuclear layer contains the nuclei (cell bodies) of both rod and cone photoreceptors.
The blood-retinal barrier is maintained primarily by which cells?
Answer: Retinal pigment epithelium
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier via tight junctions between cells.
The optic chiasm is located above which structure at the base of the brain?
Answer: Pituitary gland
The optic chiasm sits directly above the pituitary gland (sella turcica), which is why pituitary tumors commonly cause bitemporal visual field defects.
Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) in adults ranges from approximately:
Answer: 10–21 mmHg
Normal IOP is generally considered to be between 10 and 21 mmHg, with values above 21 mmHg considered elevated.
Which structure controls the diameter of the pupil by constricting it?
Answer: Sphincter pupillae
The sphincter pupillae muscle, innervated by parasympathetic fibers via CN III, constricts the pupil (miosis).
Which zone of the lens contains the oldest, most compacted fibers?
Answer: Nucleus
The lens nucleus contains the oldest fiber cells, which become increasingly compressed and hardened with age, contributing to presbyopia.