Pediatric Ophthalmology Flashcards
7 cards from real Vision and Ophthalmology practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Pediatric Ophthalmology flashcards as text
What is the first-line treatment for unilateral amblyopia?
Answer: Patching (occlusion therapy) of the fellow (stronger) eye
Patching the non-amblyopic eye forces the brain to use and strengthen the amblyopic eye, and is the primary treatment for unilateral amblyopia.
What is accommodative esotropia?
Answer: Inward eye deviation triggered by accommodation, typically associated with hyperopia
Accommodative esotropia occurs in hyperopic children whose excessive accommodative effort triggers convergence, causing inward deviation of the eyes.
The Bruckner (red reflex) test compares what between the two eyes?
Answer: Simultaneous red reflexes to detect asymmetry suggesting amblyogenic conditions
The Bruckner test examines both red reflexes simultaneously; asymmetry in brightness or color can indicate cataract, strabismus, or anisometropia.
Which vitamin deficiency leads to xerophthalmia and night blindness in children?
Answer: Vitamin A
Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia (dry eye progressing to corneal ulceration) and night blindness because retinal is a component of rod photoreceptor pigment.
Epiphora (tearing) in infants is most commonly caused by:
Answer: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the most common cause of epiphora in infants, resulting in tear overflow due to incomplete opening of the duct.
What is ptosis in pediatric ophthalmology?
Answer: Drooping of the upper eyelid due to levator muscle dysfunction
Ptosis is drooping of the upper eyelid caused by levator muscle weakness or dehiscence; significant ptosis in children can cause deprivation amblyopia.
What is the approximate normal visual acuity expected for a healthy 4-year-old child?
Answer: 20/40
Normal visual acuity for a 4-year-old is approximately 20/40; vision typically reaches adult levels of 20/20 by age 5–7.