VABC Pharmacology & Infusion Therapy

Question 1

Which IV solution is classified as isotonic and most closely matches the osmolarity of human blood?

Accepted Answer

0.9% Sodium Chloride

Answer

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) is isotonic with an osmolarity of approximately 308 mOsm/L, matching plasma osmolarity.

Question 2

A patient receiving vesicant chemotherapy via peripheral IV develops swelling, blanching, and pain at the infusion site. This presentation is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Extravasation

Answer

Extravasation is the leakage of a vesicant solution into surrounding tissue, causing blanching, swelling, and pain that can progress to tissue necrosis.

Question 3

Which pharmacokinetic factors most significantly influence the rate of drug distribution to tissues after IV administration?

Accepted Answer

Protein binding and lipid solubility

Answer

Protein binding limits free drug available for distribution, while lipid solubility determines how readily a drug crosses cell membranes into tissues.

Question 4

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) formulations must be administered via which vascular access route due to their hyperosmolarity?

Accepted Answer

Central venous catheter

Answer

TPN osmolarity typically exceeds 900 mOsm/L, requiring central venous access to prevent chemical phlebitis and venous sclerosis of peripheral veins.

Question 5

Which of the following medications is classified as a vesicant?

Accepted Answer

Doxorubicin

Answer

Doxorubicin is a vesicant chemotherapy agent capable of causing severe tissue necrosis upon extravasation; vancomycin is an irritant, not a vesicant.

(VABC) Vascular Access Board Certification Practice Test

(VABC) Vascular Access Board Certification Practice Test

VABC Pharmacology & Infusion Therapy