Pharmacology & Infusion Therapy Flashcards
7 cards from real VABC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Pharmacology & Infusion Therapy flashcards as text
Per current INS Standards of Practice, which solution is recommended as the first-line flush for most vascular access devices?
Answer: 0.9% Normal Saline
The INS recommends 0.9% preservative-free Normal Saline as the first-line flush for most vascular access devices, reserving heparin for specific catheter types.
A patient receiving vancomycin IV develops diffuse flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso with pruritus during the infusion. This reaction is best described as:
Answer: Red Man Syndrome
Red Man Syndrome is a rate-related infusion reaction to vancomycin caused by non-immunologic mast cell degranulation, characterized by flushing of the upper body.
Which drug administration technique involves injecting a medication directly into an IV access port over a short period (typically 1–5 minutes)?
Answer: IV bolus (IV push)
IV bolus (IV push) delivers a concentrated dose of medication directly into the IV port over 1–5 minutes, achieving rapid peak plasma levels.
Hyperosmolar solutions administered through a peripheral IV can cause which local vascular complication?
Answer: Chemical phlebitis and venous sclerosis
Hyperosmolar solutions draw water from vein endothelial cells, causing cellular dehydration, endothelial damage, chemical phlebitis, and ultimately venous sclerosis.
When administering blood products through an IV line, which co-infusion solution is considered compatible and safe?
Answer: 0.9% Normal Saline
Only 0.9% Normal Saline is compatible with blood products; D5W causes red blood cell hemolysis, and Lactated Ringer's contains calcium that can initiate clotting.
When vasoactive medications such as norepinephrine must be administered through a peripheral IV, what is the primary safety concern?
Answer: Risk of severe tissue necrosis from extravasation
Vasopressors cause vasoconstriction and, if they extravasate peripherally, can cause severe ischemia and tissue necrosis requiring phentolamine antidote treatment.
The 'positive pressure' flushing technique is performed to achieve which primary goal?
Answer: Prevent blood reflux into the catheter lumen upon disconnection
Positive pressure flushing maintains forward flow as the syringe is disconnected, preventing blood from flowing back into the catheter lumen and forming an occlusive clot.