Pharmacology & Infusion Therapy Flashcards
7 cards from real VABC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Pharmacology & Infusion Therapy flashcards as text
Which IV solution is classified as isotonic and most closely matches the osmolarity of human blood?
Answer: 0.9% Sodium Chloride
0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) is isotonic with an osmolarity of approximately 308 mOsm/L, matching plasma osmolarity.
A patient receiving vesicant chemotherapy via peripheral IV develops swelling, blanching, and pain at the infusion site. This presentation is most consistent with:
Answer: Extravasation
Extravasation is the leakage of a vesicant solution into surrounding tissue, causing blanching, swelling, and pain that can progress to tissue necrosis.
Which pharmacokinetic factors most significantly influence the rate of drug distribution to tissues after IV administration?
Answer: Protein binding and lipid solubility
Protein binding limits free drug available for distribution, while lipid solubility determines how readily a drug crosses cell membranes into tissues.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) formulations must be administered via which vascular access route due to their hyperosmolarity?
Answer: Central venous catheter
TPN osmolarity typically exceeds 900 mOsm/L, requiring central venous access to prevent chemical phlebitis and venous sclerosis of peripheral veins.
Which of the following medications is classified as a vesicant?
Answer: Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin is a vesicant chemotherapy agent capable of causing severe tissue necrosis upon extravasation; vancomycin is an irritant, not a vesicant.
What is the primary purpose of adding heparin to a catheter lock solution in vascular access protocols?
Answer: Maintain catheter patency by inhibiting clot formation
Heparin lock solutions prevent thrombus formation within the catheter lumen, maintaining patency between infusions.
According to INS Standards of Practice, solutions with an osmolarity exceeding which value require administration via a central venous access device?
Answer: 900 mOsm/L
The INS recommends that solutions with osmolarity greater than 900 mOsm/L be administered via central venous access to prevent peripheral vein damage.