US Due Process and Equal Protection 3

Question 1

What does the 'incorporation doctrine' accomplish in constitutional law?

Accepted Answer

It applies most Bill of Rights protections to state governments through the 14th Amendment

Answer

It allows states to incorporate federal statutes into state codes

Answer

It incorporates international treaties as supreme law of the land

Answer

It merges state and federal court jurisdictions for constitutional cases

Question 2

Which Supreme Court case held that same-sex couples have a fundamental right to marry under the 14th Amendment?

Accepted Answer

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Answer

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Answer

United States v. Windsor (2013)

Answer

Hollingsworth v. Perry (2013)

Question 3

Which Reconstruction-era amendment was ratified specifically to abolish slavery throughout the United States?

Accepted Answer

13th Amendment

Answer

14th Amendment

Answer

15th Amendment

Answer

19th Amendment

Question 4

What does 'selective incorporation' mean in constitutional law?

Accepted Answer

Only certain Bill of Rights provisions are applied to states through the 14th Amendment, as cases arise

Answer

The Supreme Court selects which states must follow the Constitution

Answer

Congress selects which constitutional provisions apply at the federal level

Answer

The President selects which constitutional rights to prioritize in enforcement

Question 5

Which best describes what 'equal protection' under the 14th Amendment requires of government?

Accepted Answer

The government cannot arbitrarily discriminate against similarly situated persons without sufficient justification

Answer

All citizens must be treated identically by the government in every circumstance

Answer

All states must enact identical laws across every policy area

Answer

The federal government must allocate resources equally among all states

Question 6

Which companion case to Brown v. Board of Education applied equal protection principles to the federal government via the 5th Amendment?

Accepted Answer

Bolling v. Sharpe (1954)

Answer

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Question 7

What was the primary purpose of the 14th Amendment's Citizenship Clause, ratified in 1868?

Accepted Answer

To grant citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States

Answer

To define voter eligibility in federal elections

Answer

To establish procedures for the Electoral College

Answer

To limit immigration from foreign nations