Civil Liberties Flashcards
7 cards from real US practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Civil Liberties flashcards as text
Which constitutional standard governs government restrictions on speech based on the speaker's viewpoint, requiring that such restrictions be subject to the highest level of judicial review?
Answer: Strict scrutiny
Content-based and viewpoint-based speech restrictions trigger strict scrutiny, requiring the government to show a compelling interest and narrowly tailored means.
The 'free exercise clause' of the First Amendment protects citizens' rights to:
Answer: Practice their religion without undue government interference
The Free Exercise Clause protects individuals' rights to hold religious beliefs and to practice their religion, subject to some government regulation of conduct.
Procedural due process, protected by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, primarily requires that the government follow fair procedures when it seeks to:
Answer: Deprive a person of life, liberty, or property
Procedural due process mandates that the government follow fair procedures — such as notice and a hearing — before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property.
The 'double jeopardy' clause of the Fifth Amendment prevents which of the following?
Answer: Being tried twice for the same offense after acquittal or conviction
The Double Jeopardy Clause bars the government from trying a person again for the same offense after they have been acquitted or convicted.
Which amendment abolished the poll tax as a requirement for voting in federal elections?
Answer: Twenty-Fourth Amendment
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment (1964) prohibited poll taxes in federal elections, removing a significant barrier that had been used to disenfranchise Black and poor voters.
The doctrine of 'substantive due process' has been used by the Supreme Court to protect which category of rights?
Answer: Fundamental rights not explicitly listed in the Constitution
Substantive due process protects fundamental rights — such as privacy and marriage — that are deeply rooted in history and tradition, even if not explicitly listed in the Constitution.
Which First Amendment protection was at issue in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), where the Court established heightened protections for statements about public officials?
Answer: Freedom of the press
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that the First Amendment protects press freedom by requiring public officials to prove 'actual malice' to succeed in a defamation lawsuit.