UExcel Psychology 3

Question 1

What is cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

The discomfort felt when holding two conflicting beliefs or acting against one's beliefs

Answer

A disorder characterized by disorganized thinking

Answer

The inability to form new memories

Answer

A bias toward confirming existing beliefs

Question 2

Which stage of sleep is most associated with vivid dreaming?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Answer

Stage 1 NREM

Answer

Stage 2 NREM

Answer

Stage 3 NREM (slow-wave sleep)

Question 3

What is the phenomenon where the presence of others improves performance on simple tasks?

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Deindividuation

Question 4

Piaget's stage of concrete operations is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Conservation and logical thinking about concrete objects

Answer

Symbolic thinking emerging for the first time

Answer

Abstract and hypothetical reasoning

Answer

Inability to understand others' perspectives

Question 5

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable feelings to others?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Answer

Repression

Answer

Rationalization

Answer

Displacement

Question 6

What is the role of the placebo effect in psychology research?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrates that expectations and beliefs can produce real physical and psychological changes

Answer

It eliminates the need for control groups

Answer

It proves that all psychological treatments are ineffective

Answer

It is only relevant in medical, not psychological, research