X-Ray Image Interpretation Flashcards

While analyzing an X-ray image of a carry-on bag, a TSO observes an object that displays as a dense, dark blue color. The item is uniformly shaped and lacks any moving parts or wires. Based on standard color interpretation, which of the following is the most likely category for this item?

Answer: A dense metal object, such as a firearm component

On a standard X-ray scanner display, different colors represent different material densities. Blue typically indicates dense, inorganic materials like metals. Organic materials, such as food (cheese) and paper, appear as orange. Less dense materials like plastics may appear green or orange. Therefore, a dense, dark blue object is most indicative of metal, which could be a firearm or another prohibited item.

A TSO is examining a cluttered X-ray image of a backpack and identifies several distinct components of a potential Improvised Explosive Device (IED). Which of the following combinations, when viewed together in proximity, presents the most credible threat?

Answer: A dense organic material (orange), a power source (battery), wires, and a detonator

The primary components of an IED are an explosive (often an organic material appearing orange), a power source (like a battery), a switch or timer, and a detonator, often connected by wires. While the other items are common in baggage, the specific combination of a dense organic mass, power source, and wiring/detonator is the classic signature of an IED that requires immediate and specific action.

An X-ray image displays a large, opaque, dark area that is obscuring a significant portion of the bag's contents. The TSO is unable to distinguish individual items within this area. What is the appropriate action for the TSO to take?

Answer: Flag the bag for a physical search to resolve the alarm and identify the contents.

When an X-ray image is cluttered or contains an area too dense for X-rays to penetrate, it is impossible for the TSO to determine if a threat is present. The standard operating procedure in such a case is to conduct a physical inspection of the bag and its contents to ensure no prohibited items are concealed within the obscured area.

Which of the following items is generally prohibited in carry-on baggage but may be allowed in checked baggage when properly declared and packaged?

Answer: An unloaded firearm in a locked, hard-sided case

Firearms are strictly prohibited in the cabin of an aircraft. However, passengers may transport an unloaded firearm in a locked, hard-sided container as checked baggage after declaring it with the airline at check-in. Laptops, medications, and books are generally permitted in carry-on luggage.

A TSO observes an object on the X-ray screen that appears green. This color typically indicates:

Answer: A mixture of organic and inorganic materials.

X-ray systems use a color-coding scheme to help TSOs identify the composition of objects. Orange typically signifies organic materials, and blue signifies inorganic or metallic materials. Green is used to represent a mix of materials, such as electronics, which contain both plastics (organic) and metals (inorganic).

During X-ray screening, a TSO identifies a shape consistent with a handgun inside a carry-on bag. What is the TSO's immediate required action upon identifying this threat?

Answer: Notify a supervisor and local law enforcement without touching the bag.

Upon visual identification of a firearm on the X-ray screen, TSA procedure requires the TSO to immediately notify law enforcement. TSOs are not to open the bag or handle the firearm themselves; this is the responsibility of law enforcement officers who will respond to the checkpoint, secure the weapon, and engage with the passenger.