Trivium Nutrition and Diet Therapy 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which macronutrient provides 4 calories per gram?
- Fat
- Carbohydrates (Correct answer)
- Alcohol
- Fiber
Correct answer: Carbohydrates
Both carbohydrates and protein provide 4 calories per gram, while fat provides 9 and alcohol provides 7.
Question 2: A patient on a clear liquid diet may consume which of the following?
- Cream of wheat
- Orange juice with pulp
- Broth (Correct answer)
- Yogurt
Correct answer: Broth
Clear liquid diets include only transparent fluids such as broth, water, clear juices, and gelatin.
Question 3: Which vitamin is primarily obtained through sun exposure?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet B radiation from sunlight.
Question 4: A patient with dysphagia requiring a pureed diet should avoid which food?
- Mashed potatoes
- Smooth pudding
- Diced carrots (Correct answer)
- Pureed meat
Correct answer: Diced carrots
Diced carrots are a solid food that poses an aspiration risk for patients with swallowing difficulties on a pureed diet.
Question 5: Which mineral is essential for blood clotting and bone health?
- Iron
- Potassium
- Calcium (Correct answer)
- Sodium
Correct answer: Calcium
Calcium plays a critical role in both bone mineralization and the coagulation cascade for blood clotting.
Question 6: Patients with chronic kidney disease are typically advised to restrict which nutrient?
- Vitamin C
- Potassium (Correct answer)
- Zinc
- Vitamin B12
Correct answer: Potassium
Impaired kidneys cannot adequately excrete potassium, leading to dangerous hyperkalemia if intake is not restricted.
Question 7: Which type of dietary fat is associated with raising LDL cholesterol levels?
- Monounsaturated fat
- Polyunsaturated fat
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Saturated fat (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Saturated fat
Saturated fats, found in animal products and tropical oils, are strongly linked to increased LDL (bad) cholesterol.
Trivium Nutrition and Diet Therapy 1
Which macronutrient provides 4 calories per gram?