Pharmacology Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real TRIVIUM practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Pharmacology Fundamentals flashcards as text
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with loop diuretic use?
Answer: Hypokalemia
Loop diuretics like furosemide cause significant potassium loss in the urine, leading to hypokalemia.
What does 'enteric-coated' mean for an oral medication?
Answer: The tablet is coated to dissolve in the intestine, not the stomach
Enteric coating protects the drug from stomach acid and ensures it dissolves in the small intestine.
Which term describes a drug that produces the maximum possible effect regardless of dose increase?
Answer: Full agonist
A full agonist activates a receptor maximally, producing the highest possible response at full receptor occupancy.
A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which food can significantly reduce its effectiveness?
Answer: Vitamin K-rich foods like leafy greens
Vitamin K is a cofactor for clotting factors; increased intake counteracts warfarin's anticoagulant effect.
What is the 'therapeutic index' of a drug?
Answer: The ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose
The therapeutic index (TI) is the ratio of the toxic dose (TD50) to the effective dose (ED50); a narrow TI indicates a higher risk of toxicity.
Which abbreviation on a drug label means 'twice daily'?
Answer: BID
BID stands for 'bis in die,' the Latin term meaning twice a day.
What is a 'contraindication' for a medication?
Answer: A condition or factor that makes use of the drug inadvisable
A contraindication is a specific situation in which a drug should not be used due to potential harm to the patient.