Logical and Deductive Reasoning Flashcards

A dispatcher receives calls in this order of priority: Emergency (E), Urgent (U), Routine (R). Three calls arrive simultaneously: one E, one U, one R. After E is handled, which is processed next?

Answer: U

Priority queuing places Urgent above Routine, so U is handled before R after the Emergency is resolved.

If only employees with Level 3 clearance can access File Room B, and the file room was accessed, what can be deduced?

Answer: The person who accessed it had Level 3 clearance

The rule establishes Level 3 clearance as a necessary condition for access, so access proves clearance.

Numbers in a sequence: 3, 6, 12, 24, ___. What comes next?

Answer: 48

Each term doubles the previous one: 24 × 2 = 48.

A policy memo states: 'Officers must complete training A before training B, and training B before training C.' Officer Torres completed B and C. What can be concluded?

Answer: Torres may have completed A before B, or violated the policy

We know Torres did B and C, but cannot confirm A was done without additional information; a policy violation is also possible.

Which of the following is a counter-example that disproves: 'All public servants work Monday through Friday'?

Answer: A firefighter who works weekends

A firefighter who works weekends is a public servant who does not work exclusively Monday–Friday, disproving the universal claim.

An agency has 4 investigators: W, X, Y, Z. W and X cannot work together. Y must work with Z. A two-person team is needed. Which team is valid?

Answer: Y and Z

Y must work with Z, and Y and Z together satisfies all constraints with no conflicts.

A deductive argument is considered VALID when:

Answer: Its conclusion follows necessarily from its premises

Validity in deductive logic means the conclusion must follow from the premises, regardless of whether the premises are actually true.