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Critical Thinking & Problem-Solving Flashcards

7 cards from real TALENTLENS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Critical Thinking & Problem-Solving flashcards as text

  1. In a logical syllogism: 'All managers attend meetings. Sarah attends meetings. Therefore Sarah is a manager.' What is wrong with this argument?

    Answer: It commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent

    Affirming the consequent incorrectly concludes that if a result is true, the original cause must also be true, ignoring other possibilities.

  2. A product team receives two contradictory user research reports about feature preferences. The BEST critical thinking response is to:

    Answer: Investigate the methodologies, sample sizes, and contexts of both studies

    Contradictory evidence calls for examining how each study was conducted to understand why results differ before drawing conclusions.

  3. Which of the following is an example of an 'appeal to ignorance' fallacy?

    Answer: 'No one has proven this treatment doesn't work, so it must be effective'

    Appeal to ignorance assumes something is true simply because it has not been proven false, which is a logical error.

  4. When using the IDEAL problem-solving model, what does the 'E' stand for?

    Answer: Evaluate the solutions

    In IDEAL (Identify, Define, Explore, Act, Look back), 'E' stands for Explore possible strategies or solutions.

  5. A data analyst discovers an outlier in a dataset that dramatically changes the statistical conclusion. The BEST action is to:

    Answer: Investigate the outlier's cause before deciding whether to include or exclude it

    Outliers may represent errors or genuine phenomena; understanding the cause determines whether removal is justified.

  6. Which statement about assumptions in critical thinking is MOST accurate?

    Answer: Identifying unstated assumptions is essential to evaluating an argument's validity

    Every argument rests on assumptions; recognizing them lets you test whether the argument holds if those assumptions are wrong.

  7. A leader consistently continues investing in a failing project because the team has already spent two years on it. This is an example of:

    Answer: Sunk cost fallacy

    The sunk cost fallacy occurs when past irretrievable investments irrationally influence future decisions rather than expected future value.