Research, Development & Innovation Flashcards
7 cards from real STP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Research, Development & Innovation flashcards as text
Which phase of the PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle focuses on interpreting the data collected during the 'Do' phase?
Answer: Study
The 'Study' phase involves analysing results against predictions, identifying what was learned, and drawing conclusions before deciding on next steps.
What term describes intellectual property protection for new inventions that grants the holder exclusive rights to exploit the invention for up to 20 years?
Answer: Patent
A patent grants exclusive commercial rights over a novel, inventive, and industrially applicable invention for up to 20 years from the filing date.
In research governance, what is the purpose of a Research Passport in the UK?
Answer: To facilitate honorary contracts allowing researchers to work across NHS organisations
A Research Passport streamlines the pre-engagement checks required for researchers who need to work with NHS patients, staff, or data across multiple organisations.
Which type of error occurs when a researcher incorrectly rejects a true null hypothesis?
Answer: Type I error (false positive)
A Type I error (α) occurs when the null hypothesis is true but is incorrectly rejected, equivalent to a false positive finding.
A new medical device is classified as Class IIb under UK MDR 2002 regulations. What level of conformity assessment is required?
Answer: Involvement of a UK Approved Body to assess the quality system and/or device design
Class IIb devices require a UK Approved Body to conduct conformity assessment of the quality management system and, typically, the device design.
When describing research outputs using the REF (Research Excellence Framework) impact case study format, which element is most critical to demonstrate?
Answer: The reach and significance of the change the research caused beyond academia
REF impact case studies must evidence the reach and significance of real-world changes attributable to research conducted in eligible UK institutions.
Which concept describes the ethical requirement that research benefits and burdens should be distributed fairly across society, including historically under-represented groups?
Answer: Justice
Justice requires equitable distribution of research benefits and burdens, ensuring vulnerable or marginalised groups are not unfairly excluded or exploited.