STEM Scientific Method & Engineering Process 3

Question 1

Which criterion best distinguishes a scientific theory from a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory has been repeatedly tested and supported by substantial evidence

Answer

A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation supported by extensive evidence gathered through repeated testing.

Question 2

During peer review, a scientist's paper is returned with requests to clarify methodology. What is the primary purpose of peer review in science?

Accepted Answer

To validate findings by having qualified experts critically evaluate the work

Answer

Peer review allows experts to scrutinize methodology and conclusions, helping ensure scientific findings are valid and reliable.

Question 3

An engineering team must choose between two designs: one is cheaper but less durable, the other is expensive but long-lasting. This represents which aspect of the engineering design process?

Accepted Answer

Trade-off analysis

Answer

Trade-off analysis involves weighing competing criteria and constraints to select the optimal solution for a given context.

Question 4

A student claims their experiment proves that caffeine improves memory. Which flaw in reasoning should a STEM educator address first?

Accepted Answer

A single experiment cannot 'prove' a claim; it can only support or fail to support a hypothesis

Answer

Science does not 'prove' with a single experiment; findings must be replicated and the hypothesis remains open to revision.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data collected during a science investigation?

Accepted Answer

The solution turned bright orange when heated

Answer

Qualitative data describes observable characteristics such as color, texture, or smell rather than numerical measurements.

(STEM) Certified Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Educator Practice Test

(STEM) Certified Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Educator Practice Test

STEM Scientific Method & Engineering Process 3