Scientific Method & Engineering Process Flashcards
7 cards from real STEM practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Scientific Method & Engineering Process flashcards as text
Which criterion best distinguishes a scientific theory from a scientific hypothesis?
Answer: A theory has been repeatedly tested and supported by substantial evidence
A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation supported by extensive evidence gathered through repeated testing.
During peer review, a scientist's paper is returned with requests to clarify methodology. What is the primary purpose of peer review in science?
Answer: To validate findings by having qualified experts critically evaluate the work
Peer review allows experts to scrutinize methodology and conclusions, helping ensure scientific findings are valid and reliable.
An engineering team must choose between two designs: one is cheaper but less durable, the other is expensive but long-lasting. This represents which aspect of the engineering design process?
Answer: Trade-off analysis
Trade-off analysis involves weighing competing criteria and constraints to select the optimal solution for a given context.
A student claims their experiment proves that caffeine improves memory. Which flaw in reasoning should a STEM educator address first?
Answer: A single experiment cannot 'prove' a claim; it can only support or fail to support a hypothesis
Science does not 'prove' with a single experiment; findings must be replicated and the hypothesis remains open to revision.
Which of the following is an example of qualitative data collected during a science investigation?
Answer: The solution turned bright orange when heated
Qualitative data describes observable characteristics such as color, texture, or smell rather than numerical measurements.
In the STEM Engineering Design Process, which step immediately follows 'Brainstorm Solutions'?
Answer: Select the Best Solution
After generating multiple potential solutions through brainstorming, engineers evaluate and select the most promising option before prototyping.
A researcher conducts an experiment without a control group. What is the main limitation of this design?
Answer: There is no baseline for comparison, making it impossible to attribute changes to the independent variable
Without a control group, researchers lack a reference point, so observed effects cannot be confidently attributed to the experimental treatment.