Science Content Knowledge Flashcards

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

Answer: Organisms with traits better suited to their environment reproduce more successfully

Natural selection favors individuals with heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction in their environment.

What is the SI unit of electric charge?

Answer: Coulomb

The coulomb (C) is the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transported by one ampere in one second.

In which organelle does the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) of photosynthesis occur?

Answer: Chloroplast stroma

The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast, where CO₂ is fixed into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

What type of rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

Answer: Igneous

Igneous rock forms when molten rock (magma underground or lava at the surface) cools and solidifies.

Which gas law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature?

Answer: Boyle's Law

Boyle's Law states that P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ at constant temperature, showing an inverse relationship between pressure and volume.

What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state?

Answer: Ionization energy

Ionization energy is the minimum energy needed to remove the outermost electron from a neutral gaseous atom.

Which type of ecological relationship benefits one organism while the other is neither helped nor harmed?

Answer: Commensalism

Commensalism describes a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected, such as barnacles on a whale.