Statistics Research & Evidence-Based Practice 3

Question 1

In evidence-based practice, the PICO framework helps researchers formulate:

Accepted Answer

A well-built clinical question

Answer

PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) structures clinical questions to guide systematic literature searches.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a Type I error?

Accepted Answer

Incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis

Answer

A Type I error (false positive) occurs when the null hypothesis is true but is erroneously rejected.

Question 3

An odds ratio of 1.0 in a case-control study indicates:

Accepted Answer

No association between exposure and outcome

Answer

An OR of 1.0 means the odds of the outcome are equal in exposed and unexposed groups, indicating no association.

Question 4

What is the primary advantage of a cohort study over a cross-sectional study?

Accepted Answer

It can establish temporal precedence between exposure and outcome

Answer

Cohort studies follow participants over time, allowing researchers to confirm that the exposure preceded the outcome.

Question 5

A p-value of 0.03 means:

Accepted Answer

The observed data (or more extreme) would occur 3% of the time if the null hypothesis were true

Answer

The p-value is the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Statistics Practice Test