SPHR Learning and Development 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A company wants to assess training effectiveness at the behavioral level. Which of Kirkpatrick's four levels does this represent?
- Level 1 - Reaction
- Level 2 - Learning
- Level 3 - Behavior (Correct answer)
- Level 4 - Results
Correct answer: Level 3 - Behavior
Level 3 (Behavior) measures whether participants apply new knowledge and skills on the job after training.
Question 2: Which instructional design model is most commonly associated with the phases of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation?
- Bloom's Taxonomy
- ADDIE (Correct answer)
- Gagne's Nine Events
- Kirkpatrick Model
Correct answer: ADDIE
The ADDIE model is the foundational instructional design framework with five sequential phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.
Question 3: An HR leader wants to use a 'pull' learning strategy rather than a 'push' strategy. Which approach best exemplifies this?
- Mandatory compliance training scheduled by HR
- A curated learning portal employees access when needed (Correct answer)
- Annual performance review-driven training assignments
- New hire onboarding sessions delivered by managers
Correct answer: A curated learning portal employees access when needed
Pull learning places control with the learner, who seeks out content on demand, versus push learning where content is delivered to employees.
Question 4: In needs analysis, a 'person analysis' is conducted primarily to determine:
- Whether the organization has a performance gap
- Which employees need training and what kind (Correct answer)
- What tasks should be included in a training curriculum
- How much budget is available for L&D programs
Correct answer: Which employees need training and what kind
Person analysis identifies specific employees who lack required KSAs (knowledge, skills, abilities) and need training to close performance gaps.
Question 5: A large multinational corporation uses Communities of Practice (CoPs) as part of its L&D strategy. What is the primary benefit of this approach?
- Reducing training costs by eliminating instructors
- Facilitating peer knowledge sharing among practitioners with common interests (Correct answer)
- Standardizing training content across all global locations
- Replacing formal training programs with informal learning
Correct answer: Facilitating peer knowledge sharing among practitioners with common interests
Communities of Practice enable employees with shared domains to collaborate, share expertise, and co-create knowledge informally.
Question 6: Which learning theory emphasizes that adults learn best when they understand the relevance of what they are learning to real-life problems?
- Behaviorism
- Cognitivism
- Andragogy (Correct answer)
- Constructivism
Correct answer: Andragogy
Malcolm Knowles' andragogy theory holds that adults are self-directed learners motivated by immediate problem relevance and life application.
Question 7: A company measures ROI on a leadership development program. Total benefits were $500,000 and total costs were $200,000. What is the ROI percentage?
- 150% (Correct answer)
- 250%
- 50%
- 100%
Correct answer: 150%
ROI = ((Benefits - Costs) / Costs) × 100 = (($500,000 - $200,000) / $200,000) × 100 = 150%.
SPHR Learning and Development 2
A company wants to assess training effectiveness at the behavioral level.
Which of Kirkpatrick's four levels does this represent?