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SPEX Analysis Exam Flashcards

7 cards from real SPEX practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A patient taking warfarin is started on fluconazole. What pharmacokinetic interaction should the physician anticipate?

    Answer: Increased warfarin effect due to CYP2C9 inhibition

    Fluconazole inhibits CYP2C9, which metabolizes warfarin, leading to elevated warfarin levels and increased bleeding risk.

  2. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of metformin in Type 2 diabetes?

    Answer: Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via AMPK activation

    Metformin primarily activates AMPK, which suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity.

  3. A 66-year-old man develops acute gout. His renal function is impaired (GFR 25 mL/min). Which agent is most appropriate to treat the acute attack?

    Answer: Low-dose colchicine or corticosteroids

    In patients with renal impairment, low-dose colchicine or corticosteroids are preferred because NSAIDs and standard colchicine dosing carry significant toxicity risks.

  4. A patient with schizophrenia develops muscle rigidity, high fever, altered consciousness, and autonomic instability after starting haloperidol. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

    Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics characterized by hyperthermia, rigidity, autonomic instability, and altered mental status.

  5. Which class of antihypertensive medications is contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis?

    Answer: ACE inhibitors

    ACE inhibitors block efferent arteriolar constriction, reducing GFR in bilateral renal artery stenosis and potentially causing acute renal failure.

  6. A 55-year-old post-MI patient is prescribed a statin. What is the primary goal of this therapy beyond LDL reduction?

    Answer: Prevent plaque rupture through pleiotropic effects

    Statins provide benefits beyond LDL lowering through pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory actions, plaque stabilization, and endothelial function improvement.

  7. A physician prescribes atenolol for a patient with hypertension who also has asthma. What is the primary concern?

    Answer: Bronchospasm due to beta-2 receptor blockade

    Atenolol, though cardioselective, can still cause clinically significant bronchospasm in patients with reactive airway disease.