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Preventive Medicine Flashcards

7 cards from real SPEX practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Preventive Medicine flashcards as text

  1. A community health department investigates a cluster of hepatitis A cases linked to a single restaurant. This is best classified as which type of outbreak?

    Answer: Point source outbreak

    A restaurant exposure affecting multiple patrons at one event within a single incubation period is a classic point source outbreak.

  2. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the recommended exposure limit (REL) for noise in the workplace is:

    Answer: 85 dBA as an 8-hour TWA

    NIOSH recommends a REL of 85 dBA as an 8-hour time-weighted average to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss.

  3. The Stages of Change (Transtheoretical) Model describes a patient who acknowledges a problem and intends to take action within 6 months but has not yet acted. This stage is called:

    Answer: Contemplation

    Contemplation is characterized by awareness of a problem and intention to change within 6 months, without commitment to immediate action.

  4. Which measure of association is used in a case-control study when disease is rare?

    Answer: Odds ratio

    Case-control studies cannot directly calculate risk; the odds ratio approximates the relative risk when disease prevalence is low (<10%).

  5. A preventive medicine physician is evaluating heat stress risk for outdoor construction workers. The most comprehensive index that accounts for temperature, humidity, radiant heat, and air movement is:

    Answer: Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)

    WBGT integrates dry-bulb temperature, natural wet-bulb temperature, and globe temperature to provide a comprehensive heat stress index.

  6. In a randomized controlled trial, allocation concealment refers to:

    Answer: Preventing those who enroll participants from knowing future treatment assignments

    Allocation concealment prevents selection bias by ensuring enrollers cannot predict or influence which group the next participant will be assigned to.

  7. Which environmental toxin is classically associated with Minamata disease, characterized by neurological manifestations including paresthesias, ataxia, and visual field constriction?

    Answer: Methylmercury

    Minamata disease results from methylmercury poisoning, typically from consumption of contaminated fish, causing severe neurological damage.