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Preventive Medicine Flashcards

7 cards from real SPEX practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A cohort study finds that smokers have a relative risk of 15 for lung cancer compared to non-smokers. The prevalence of smoking is 25%. What is the population attributable risk percent (PAR%)?

    Answer: Approximately 78%

    PAR% = Pe(RR−1)/[Pe(RR−1)+1] × 100 = 0.25×14/(0.25×14+1) × 100 ≈ 78%.

  2. Which of the following best describes the hierarchy of controls for occupational hazards, from most to least preferred?

    Answer: Elimination → substitution → engineering → administrative → PPE

    The hierarchy prioritizes elimination, then substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE last.

  3. A physician screens 1,000 asymptomatic adults for colorectal cancer using FOBT. 50 test positive; of those, 10 have confirmed cancer. Of the 950 who test negative, 5 have cancer. What is the sensitivity of FOBT in this population?

    Answer: 67%

    Sensitivity = TP/(TP+FN) = 10/(10+5) = 10/15 ≈ 67%.

  4. Which foodborne pathogen is most commonly associated with undercooked poultry and is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States?

    Answer: Campylobacter jejuni

    Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US, typically linked to undercooked poultry.

  5. According to ACIP recommendations, which vaccine should be administered as a one-time dose to all adults ≥65 years who have not previously received it?

    Answer: PCV15 or PCV20

    ACIP recommends PCV15 or PCV20 as a one-time pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for all immunocompetent adults ≥65.

  6. In environmental epidemiology, the unit of analysis in an ecologic study is:

    Answer: A population or group

    Ecologic studies use aggregate data from populations or groups as the unit of analysis rather than individuals.

  7. A 45-year-old male construction worker is found to have a blood lead level of 40 µg/dL during routine surveillance. The appropriate OSHA action level for lead that triggers medical surveillance is:

    Answer: 25 µg/dL

    OSHA's lead standard requires medical surveillance when blood lead levels are ≥25 µg/dL (action level for medical removal is 50 µg/dL).