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Pediatrics Flashcards

7 cards from real SPEX practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 9-month-old is brought in for recurrent otitis media. Which organism is the MOST common cause of acute otitis media in children?

    Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae

    Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common bacterial cause of acute otitis media in children despite widespread vaccination.

  2. A toddler swallowed a button battery 2 hours ago. X-ray confirms it is lodged in the esophagus. What is the most appropriate next step?

    Answer: Emergent endoscopic removal

    Esophageal button batteries require immediate endoscopic removal due to risk of rapid liquefactive necrosis and perforation.

  3. A 5-year-old with sickle cell disease presents with fever of 38.8°C. What is the most critical immediate action?

    Answer: Obtain blood culture and give empiric IV cephalosporin

    Febrile children with sickle cell disease are at high risk for overwhelming sepsis from encapsulated organisms and require immediate blood cultures and empiric IV antibiotics.

  4. Which finding on fundoscopic exam is most concerning for non-accidental trauma (shaken baby syndrome)?

    Answer: Retinal hemorrhages

    Retinal hemorrhages, particularly when bilateral and extending to the periphery, are highly associated with abusive head trauma.

  5. A 3-year-old presents with a limp and refusal to walk. X-ray shows avascular necrosis of the femoral head. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

    Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head, typically affecting boys aged 4–8 years.

  6. A 12-year-old obese male presents with a limp and knee pain. X-ray shows posterior and inferior displacement of the femoral head. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

    SCFE occurs in overweight adolescents when the femoral head slips off the growth plate, causing hip or referred knee pain.

  7. A 6-month-old presents with episodes of sudden flexion of the trunk and extremities lasting seconds, occurring in clusters. EEG shows hypsarrhythmia. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Infantile spasms (West syndrome)

    West syndrome (infantile spasms) presents in the first year of life with spasm clusters and hypsarrhythmia on EEG, often signaling underlying brain pathology.