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Neurology Flashcards

7 cards from real SPEX practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Neurology flashcards as text

  1. A patient presents with pill-rolling tremor at rest, cogwheel rigidity, and bradykinesia. Which area of the brain is most affected?

    Answer: Basal ganglia

    The cardinal features of Parkinsonism result from dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia, specifically the substantia nigra.

  2. Which cranial nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex (afferent limb)?

    Answer: CN V (ophthalmic branch)

    The afferent limb of the corneal reflex is carried by the ophthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V); the efferent limb is CN VII.

  3. A 55-year-old presents with progressive proximal muscle weakness without sensory loss. CK is markedly elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Polymyositis

    Polymyositis causes proximal muscle weakness with elevated CK and is an inflammatory myopathy without sensory involvement.

  4. In myasthenia gravis, repetitive nerve stimulation typically shows which pattern?

    Answer: Decremental response

    Repetitive nerve stimulation in myasthenia gravis shows a decremental response in compound muscle action potential amplitude due to depletion of available acetylcholine.

  5. A patient with a pontine lesion presents with ipsilateral facial weakness and contralateral hemiplegia. What is this pattern called?

    Answer: Millard-Gubler syndrome

    Millard-Gubler syndrome results from a ventral pontine lesion causing ipsilateral CN VI/VII palsies and contralateral hemiplegia.

  6. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of phenytoin?

    Answer: Blocks sodium channels in their inactivated state

    Phenytoin stabilizes neuronal membranes by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in their inactivated state, preventing repetitive firing.

  7. A 68-year-old develops sudden onset vertigo, ipsilateral facial numbness, dysphagia, and contralateral loss of pain/temperature in the limbs. Which artery is affected?

    Answer: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

    Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) occlusion causes Wallenberg (lateral medullary) syndrome with the described crossed findings.