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Neurology Flashcards

7 cards from real SPEX practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Neurology flashcards as text

  1. A 40-year-old presents with episodic severe unilateral periorbital pain lasting 30–90 minutes, associated with ipsilateral lacrimation and rhinorrhea, occurring in clusters. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Cluster headache

    Cluster headaches are severe unilateral periorbital headaches with autonomic features (lacrimation, rhinorrhea, ptosis) occurring in temporal clusters.

  2. Which finding on EEG is pathognomonic for herpes simplex encephalitis?

    Answer: Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) in temporal regions

    HSV encephalitis classically produces periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) in the temporal lobes on EEG.

  3. A patient with known epilepsy presents with continuous seizure activity lasting 30 minutes. What is the first-line treatment?

    Answer: Lorazepam IV

    Benzodiazepines such as lorazepam are first-line for status epilepticus because of rapid onset and efficacy in terminating seizures.

  4. Which sign is assessed by asking a supine patient to flex the hip to 90 degrees and then extend the knee, with pain or resistance indicating meningeal irritation?

    Answer: Kernig's sign

    Kernig's sign tests meningeal irritation by resistance or pain with knee extension after hip flexion to 90 degrees.

  5. A patient presents with asymmetric limb weakness, tongue fasciculations, hyperreflexia, and dysarthria. Which disease is most likely?

    Answer: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

    ALS involves simultaneous upper (hyperreflexia) and lower (fasciculations, atrophy) motor neuron degeneration without sensory loss.

  6. Which of the following is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults?

    Answer: Glioblastoma multiforme

    Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of 14–16 months.

  7. A 72-year-old develops progressive cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. MRI shows enlarged ventricles without cortical atrophy. What is the likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Normal pressure hydrocephalus

    Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) presents with the classic triad of dementia, gait apraxia (magnetic gait), and urinary incontinence with ventriculomegaly on imaging.