SOPD Load Forecasting & Energy Scheduling 5

Question 1

Which metric BEST measures the accuracy of a load forecast over time?

Accepted Answer

Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE)

Answer

MAPE expresses forecast error as a percentage of actual load, allowing comparison of accuracy across different load levels and time periods.

Question 2

A system operator must schedule hydro generation for a river system with limited reservoir capacity. The MOST important constraint in this schedule is:

Accepted Answer

Water discharge requirements and downstream flow obligations

Answer

Hydro scheduling must respect water availability, reservoir storage limits, minimum downstream flow requirements, and environmental/regulatory discharge obligations.

Question 3

When an energy schedule is 'tagged' through an energy management system (EMS), this means the schedule has been:

Accepted Answer

Confirmed and approved for interchange between control areas

Answer

Tagging an interchange schedule confirms it has been approved by all relevant control areas and is ready for implementation as a binding energy transfer.

Question 4

Load forecasting accuracy typically DECREASES as the forecast horizon increases because:

Accepted Answer

Weather and economic uncertainties compound over longer time periods

Answer

Longer forecast horizons accumulate uncertainty in weather forecasts, economic conditions, customer behavior, and unforeseen events, reducing forecast accuracy.

Question 5

A control area's 'load-following' service differs from 'regulation' service in that load-following:

Accepted Answer

Addresses slower, predictable load changes over minutes to hours

Answer

Load-following resources address gradual, predictable demand changes over minutes to hours, while regulation addresses fast, random fluctuations via AGC signals.

(SOPD) System Operator/Power Dispatching Practice Test

(SOPD) System Operator/Power Dispatching Practice Test

SOPD Load Forecasting & Energy Scheduling 5