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SCADA Systems Flashcards

7 cards from real SOPD practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the function of the SCADA front-end processor (FEP) or communication processor?

    Answer: Handle all communications with RTUs, concentrating field data before passing it to the SCADA server

    The front-end processor manages all RTU communication protocols, handles polling or unsolicited message reception, and passes processed data to the main SCADA server.

  2. Under NERC FAC-002, what information from SCADA is critical during a facilities study or interconnection review?

    Answer: Real-time and historical measurements that define current facility ratings and loading

    NERC FAC-002 requires accurate facility ratings information; SCADA measurements provide the evidence of actual loading conditions against established thermal and stability ratings.

  3. What is meant by 'SCADA data quality' in the context of power system state estimation?

    Answer: The accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of measurements used to build the system model

    Data quality in state estimation refers to whether measurements are accurate, current, and sufficient in redundancy to allow the estimator to produce a reliable converged solution.

  4. Which type of SCADA control is used to automatically maintain a substation bus voltage within defined limits by adjusting a tap changer?

    Answer: Automatic voltage regulation (AVR) via closed-loop control

    Automatic voltage regulation uses closed-loop logic within the SCADA or substation controller to continuously adjust transformer tap positions and keep voltage within acceptable limits.

  5. What does the term 'ICCP' (Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol) enable in SCADA operations?

    Answer: Real-time data exchange between different utilities' or reliability coordinators' control centers

    ICCP (IEC 60870-6/TASE.2) is the standard protocol enabling real-time data sharing of system conditions, schedules, and control between interconnected utility and reliability coordinator control centers.

  6. When evaluating a SCADA alarm flood situation during a system disturbance, what is the recommended operator strategy?

    Answer: Focus on the first alarms that appeared to identify the initiating event, then work subsequent alarms

    During an alarm flood, operators should prioritize the earliest alarms to identify the root cause, as subsequent alarms are often consequential effects of the initiating event.

  7. What is the primary purpose of sequence-of-events (SOE) recording in SCADA systems during a grid disturbance?

    Answer: Capture millisecond-resolution timestamps of status changes to reconstruct the event timeline

    SOE recorders capture device state changes with high-resolution timestamps (1–2 ms accuracy), enabling post-event analysis to determine the exact sequence and timing of operations during a disturbance.