Software Engineering DevOps and CI/CD Pipelines 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which practice involves automatically deploying every change that passes tests directly to production?
- Continuous Integration
- Continuous Delivery
- Continuous Deployment (Correct answer)
- Continuous Monitoring
Correct answer: Continuous Deployment
Continuous Deployment automatically deploys every code change that passes all pipeline stages directly to production without manual approval.
Question 2: What is a 'blue-green deployment'?
- Deploying updates to 50% of servers at once
- Maintaining two identical production environments and switching traffic between them (Correct answer)
- Using blue and green color-coded branches in Git
- A deployment that requires manual approval
Correct answer: Maintaining two identical production environments and switching traffic between them
Blue-green deployment maintains two identical production environments; the new version is deployed to the idle environment and traffic is switched over once verified.
Question 3: What does 'shift left' mean in DevOps quality practices?
- Moving deployments to earlier time slots
- Introducing testing and security earlier in the development lifecycle (Correct answer)
- Shifting responsibility to the left team
- Reducing pipeline stages
Correct answer: Introducing testing and security earlier in the development lifecycle
Shift left means moving testing, security, and quality checks earlier in the development process to catch defects sooner and reduce remediation costs.
Question 4: Which monitoring concept tracks the four key metrics: deployment frequency, lead time, change failure rate, and MTTR?
- ITIL metrics
- DORA metrics (Correct answer)
- SLAS framework
- CSAT metrics
Correct answer: DORA metrics
DORA (DevOps Research and Assessment) metrics measure software delivery performance through four key indicators that predict organizational performance.
Question 5: In Kubernetes, what is a 'Pod'?
- A type of container image
- The smallest deployable unit, containing one or more containers (Correct answer)
- A cluster management tool
- A network policy rule
Correct answer: The smallest deployable unit, containing one or more containers
A Pod is the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes that can contain one or more containers sharing storage, network, and a specification for how to run.
Question 6: What is 'canary deployment'?
- Deploying to all servers simultaneously
- Rolling out a new version to a small subset of users before full deployment (Correct answer)
- A deployment that requires canary testing tools
- Reverting to a previous version
Correct answer: Rolling out a new version to a small subset of users before full deployment
Canary deployment gradually rolls out a new version to a small percentage of users first, monitoring for issues before expanding to all users.
Software Engineering DevOps and CI/CD Pipelines 2
Which practice involves automatically deploying every change that passes tests directly to production?