Slideshow Videos Research & Evidence-Based Practice 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which ethical principle requires researchers to maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants?
- Autonomy
- Justice
- Beneficence (Correct answer)
- Fidelity
Correct answer: Beneficence
Beneficence obligates researchers to act in the best interest of participants by maximizing benefits and minimizing potential harms.
Question 2: In a meta-analysis, what does a forest plot display?
- Demographic characteristics of study participants
- Individual study effect sizes and the overall pooled estimate (Correct answer)
- The search strategy used to find studies
- Risk of bias ratings for each included study
Correct answer: Individual study effect sizes and the overall pooled estimate
A forest plot visually represents effect sizes from individual studies along with a diamond showing the pooled overall estimate.
Question 3: What is meant by 'triangulation' in qualitative research?
- Using three statistical tests on the same data set
- Using multiple data sources or methods to enhance credibility of findings (Correct answer)
- Recruiting participants from three different sites
- Analyzing data at three different time points
Correct answer: Using multiple data sources or methods to enhance credibility of findings
Triangulation improves the trustworthiness of qualitative findings by using multiple methods, sources, or investigators to cross-check results.
Question 4: Which term describes the proportion of people WITHOUT a condition who correctly test negative?
- Sensitivity
- Positive predictive value
- Specificity (Correct answer)
- Negative predictive value
Correct answer: Specificity
Specificity is the ability of a test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate = TN / (TN + FP)).
Question 5: A clinical practice guideline recommends a Grade A intervention. What does this grade typically indicate?
- Expert consensus only
- Strong evidence from well-designed studies supports the recommendation (Correct answer)
- The recommendation is experimental
- Evidence is conflicting and inconclusive
Correct answer: Strong evidence from well-designed studies supports the recommendation
Grade A recommendations are based on strong, consistent evidence from high-quality studies, supporting confident clinical application.
Question 6: What is the purpose of blinding in a randomized controlled trial?
- To prevent participants from withdrawing from the study
- To reduce performance and detection bias by concealing group allocation (Correct answer)
- To ensure equal distribution of demographics
- To increase the study's statistical power
Correct answer: To reduce performance and detection bias by concealing group allocation
Blinding prevents participants and/or researchers from knowing group assignments, reducing performance bias and detection bias.
Question 7: Which database is considered the gold standard for searching nursing and allied health literature?
- PubMed/MEDLINE
- CINAHL (Correct answer)
- Cochrane Library
- EMBASE
Correct answer: CINAHL
CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) is the primary database for nursing research and evidence-based nursing practice.
Slideshow Videos Research & Evidence-Based Practice 5
Which ethical principle requires researchers to maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants?