Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real SHS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals flashcards as text
Which layer of the skin serves as the primary barrier against chemical exposure in occupational settings?
Answer: Epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and acts as the first line of defense against chemicals, pathogens, and physical hazards.
A worker's blood pH drops to 7.28 after prolonged exposure to CO2. Which condition does this describe?
Answer: Respiratory acidosis
Elevated CO2 from hypoventilation or exposure causes respiratory acidosis, lowering blood pH below the normal range of 7.35–7.45.
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and is controlled involuntarily?
Answer: Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle lines blood vessels, the digestive tract, and airways, and is regulated by the autonomic nervous system without conscious control.
In the context of occupational health, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is important because it measures:
Answer: The kidney's ability to filter toxins from blood
GFR quantifies how much blood the kidneys filter per minute, making it a key indicator of renal function when assessing nephrotoxic chemical exposure.
Which division of the autonomic nervous system triggers the 'fight-or-flight' response during a workplace emergency?
Answer: Sympathetic division
The sympathetic division releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow to muscles during acute stress.
A safety specialist notes that a chemical causes 'peripheral neuropathy' in exposed workers. Which body system is primarily affected?
Answer: Peripheral nervous system
Peripheral neuropathy refers to damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, often caused by neurotoxic solvents, heavy metals, or organophosphates.
Which anatomical structure connects muscle to bone and is commonly injured in repetitive strain occupational injuries?
Answer: Tendon
Tendons transmit the force of muscle contraction to bones and are vulnerable to overuse injuries such as tendinitis in repetitive manual tasks.