SEHS Student Learning and Development 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the primary conflict during adolescence is:
- Initiative vs. guilt
- Identity vs. role confusion (Correct answer)
- Intimacy vs. isolation
- Industry vs. inferiority
Correct answer: Identity vs. role confusion
Erikson's fifth stage (approximately ages 12–18) centers on forming a coherent personal identity.
Question 2: Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest and most persistent rate of response?
- Fixed ratio
- Fixed interval
- Variable ratio (Correct answer)
- Variable interval
Correct answer: Variable ratio
Variable ratio schedules reinforce behavior after an unpredictable number of responses, making behavior highly resistant to extinction.
Question 3: A student who fails a test and concludes 'I'm just not smart enough' is demonstrating:
- A growth mindset
- Self-efficacy
- A fixed mindset (Correct answer)
- Metacognition
Correct answer: A fixed mindset
A fixed mindset attributes ability to innate traits rather than effort or strategy, limiting motivation to improve.
Question 4: Which stage of Bloom's Taxonomy requires the highest level of cognitive skill?
- Applying
- Analyzing
- Evaluating
- Creating (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Creating
Creating—combining elements to form a new, original product—sits at the top of the revised Bloom's Taxonomy pyramid.
Question 5: Sensory memory typically holds information for approximately how long?
- Up to 2 seconds (Correct answer)
- Up to 20 seconds
- Up to 2 minutes
- Up to 20 minutes
Correct answer: Up to 2 seconds
Sensory (iconic/echoic) memory retains raw sensory input for only about 0.5–2 seconds before it fades or transfers.
Question 6: Formative assessment is best described as evaluation that:
- Assigns final grades at semester end
- Monitors learning progress to guide instruction (Correct answer)
- Ranks students against a norm group
- Certifies mastery of a complete course
Correct answer: Monitors learning progress to guide instruction
Formative assessment provides ongoing feedback that teachers and students use to adjust learning strategies.
Question 7: The concept of 'transfer of learning' refers to:
- Moving a student to a different class
- Applying skills learned in one context to a new situation (Correct answer)
- Memorizing and recalling facts accurately
- Transferring files between devices for study
Correct answer: Applying skills learned in one context to a new situation
Transfer of learning occurs when knowledge or skills acquired in one setting are used effectively in a different context.
SEHS Student Learning and Development 3
According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the primary conflict during adolescence is: