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Technical Specifications Flashcards

7 cards from real SE ENGR. practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which set of conditions defines Standard Test Conditions (STC) for PV module ratings?

    Answer: 1000 W/m², 25°C cell temperature, AM1.5 spectrum

    STC specifies 1000 W/m² irradiance, 25°C cell temperature, and an AM1.5 spectrum.

  2. NOCT (Nominal Operating Cell Temperature) is measured under which conditions?

    Answer: 800 W/m², 20°C ambient, 1 m/s wind, open-rack mounting

    NOCT uses 800 W/m² irradiance, 20°C ambient air, 1 m/s wind, and open-rack mounting, and typically gives cell temperatures around 41-46°C.

  3. A typical crystalline silicon module datasheet lists a Pmax temperature coefficient of about:

    Answer: -0.35 %/°C

    Crystalline silicon modules usually lose about 0.29-0.40% of their power for each °C above 25°C.

  4. How is a PV module's fill factor calculated?

    Answer: (Vmp × Imp) / (Voc × Isc)

    Fill factor is the maximum power (Vmp × Imp) divided by the product of Voc and Isc.

  5. A module datasheet lists a power tolerance of '0/+5 W'. What does this mean?

    Answer: Delivered modules will measure at or above nameplate power, by up to 5 W

    A positive-only tolerance means flash-tested power is never below the nameplate rating.

  6. How does a module's open-circuit voltage (Voc) behave on a very cold, sunny morning?

    Answer: It rises above the STC value

    Voc has a negative temperature coefficient, so it rises at cell temperatures below 25°C, which is why maximum system voltage is calculated at the coldest expected temperature.

  7. A 400 W module has an area of 2.0 m². What is its efficiency at STC?

    Answer: 20%

    Efficiency = 400 W / (2.0 m² × 1000 W/m²) = 20%.