SBC Core Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which term describes the relationship between the pelvis and lumbar spine affecting ball exercise mechanics?
- Lumbopelvic rhythm (Correct answer)
- Glenohumeral rhythm
- Scapulohumeral rhythm
- Tibiofemoral angle
Correct answer: Lumbopelvic rhythm
Lumbopelvic rhythm describes the coordinated movement between the lumbar spine and pelvis that governs posture and movement efficiency on the stability ball.
Question 2: The diaphragm contributes to core stability primarily by doing what?
- Extending the lumbar spine
- Increasing intra-abdominal pressure (Correct answer)
- Flexing the hip
- Abducting the shoulder
Correct answer: Increasing intra-abdominal pressure
When the diaphragm contracts with a breath hold, it increases intra-abdominal pressure, which stiffens the trunk and enhances spinal stability.
Question 3: Which anatomical landmark is used to identify neutral lumbar spine during stability ball seated exercises?
- Anterior superior iliac spine (Correct answer)
- Medial epicondyle
- Acromion process
- Tibial tuberosity
Correct answer: Anterior superior iliac spine
The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) position relative to the pubic symphysis helps trainers cue neutral lumbar alignment on the ball.
Question 4: What happens to the base of support when a client shifts from a bench to a stability ball?
- It increases significantly
- It decreases, increasing balance demand (Correct answer)
- It remains unchanged
- It becomes rigid
Correct answer: It decreases, increasing balance demand
The curved, compliant surface of the stability ball reduces the effective base of support compared to a flat bench, increasing the balance challenge.
Question 5: Which muscle acts as a hip flexor AND a lumbar spine stabilizer, making it highly relevant to stability ball posture?
- Gluteus maximus
- Psoas major (Correct answer)
- Tibialis anterior
- Serratus anterior
Correct answer: Psoas major
The psoas major crosses both the lumbar vertebrae and the hip joint, influencing both lumbar posture and hip flexion during ball exercises.
Question 6: Proprioceptors located in joint capsules and ligaments that provide stability ball feedback are called:
- Mechanoreceptors (Correct answer)
- Chemoreceptors
- Photoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
Correct answer: Mechanoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors (including Ruffini endings, Pacinian corpuscles, and Golgi tendon organ-like receptors) detect mechanical deformation and relay positional information during stability ball training.
SBC Core Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which term describes the relationship between the pelvis and lumbar spine affecting ball exercise mechanics?