Saudi Prometric Nursing Pharmacology 4

Question 1

A patient receiving aminoglycoside therapy should be monitored most closely for which adverse effects?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Answer

Aminoglycosides accumulate in renal tubular cells and cochlear hair cells, causing nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity as primary adverse effects.

Question 2

Which antidote is administered for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylcysteine

Answer

N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores, preventing toxic accumulation of NAPQI that causes hepatic necrosis.

Question 3

A nurse is teaching a patient about metformin. Which condition is an absolute contraindication?

Accepted Answer

Renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min)

Answer

Severe renal impairment causes metformin accumulation, dramatically increasing risk of life-threatening lactic acidosis.

Question 4

Which beta-blocker property makes carvedilol different from metoprolol?

Accepted Answer

Carvedilol also blocks alpha-1 receptors

Answer

Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker with additional alpha-1 blocking activity, providing vasodilation along with beta blockade.

Question 5

A patient is started on isoniazid (INH) for tuberculosis. Which vitamin supplement should be co-administered to prevent peripheral neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Answer

INH interferes with pyridoxine metabolism; B6 supplementation prevents the peripheral neuropathy caused by this drug-induced deficiency.

Saudi Prometric Nursing Practice Test