Saudi Prometric Nursing Pharmacology 2

Question 1

What are the signs of gentamicin (aminoglycoside) toxicity that a nurse should monitor?

Accepted Answer

Hearing loss (ototoxicity), tinnitus, dizziness, and elevated creatinine (nephrotoxicity)

Answer

Aminoglycosides like gentamicin have two major toxic effects: ototoxicity (hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo) and nephrotoxicity (rising creatinine/BUN, decreased urine output). Trough and peak levels must be monitored to maintain therapeutic range.

Question 2

What is the nursing consideration for administering insulin lispro (Humalog)?

Accepted Answer

Give immediately before or within 15 minutes of eating due to its rapid onset of action

Answer

Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin with onset in 15 minutes. It must be given immediately before eating (within 15 minutes) to match the postprandial glucose rise. Giving it too early without food risks hypoglycemia.

Question 3

What is the antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylcysteine (NAC/Mucomyst)

Answer

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose. It works by replenishing glutathione stores in the liver, which are depleted during acetaminophen metabolism. It is most effective when given within 8-10 hours of overdose.

Question 4

What patient education should be provided about NSAIDs like ibuprofen?

Accepted Answer

Take with food to reduce GI irritation, avoid in renal disease, report black tarry stools, and avoid concurrent aspirin use

Answer

NSAID education: take with food (reduces GI ulceration risk), report GI bleeding signs (black stools), avoid in kidney disease (reduces renal blood flow), monitor blood pressure (can cause fluid retention), and avoid combining with other NSAIDs or anticoagulants.

Question 5

What is the nurse's responsibility regarding high-alert medications in Saudi hospitals?

Accepted Answer

Follow additional safety measures including independent double verification, standardized concentrations, and special labeling

Answer

High-alert medications (insulin, heparin, KCl, opioids, chemotherapy) require extra safeguards: independent double verification by two nurses, standardized concentrations, bright warning labels, separate storage, and clear policies. ISMP and Saudi CBAHI standards mandate these measures.

Saudi Prometric Nursing Practice Test

Saudi Prometric Nursing Practice Test

Saudi Prometric Nursing Pharmacology 2