Saudi Prometric Nursing Fundamentals of Nursing 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which layer of the skin contains the sebaceous glands and hair follicles?
- Dermis (Correct answer)
- Epidermis
- Hypodermis
- Subcutaneous layer
Correct answer: Dermis
The dermis is the second layer of skin and contains sebaceous (oil) glands, hair follicles, sweat glands, nerves, and blood vessels. It provides structural support and nourishment to the skin.
Question 2: A nurse observes that a patient's urine is dark amber in color. This finding is most consistent with:
- Dehydration (Correct answer)
- Urinary tract infection
- Renal failure
- Hematuria
Correct answer: Dehydration
Dark amber urine indicates concentrated urine, which is a classic sign of dehydration. When fluid intake is insufficient, the kidneys conserve water by producing more concentrated urine.
Question 3: The nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter in a female patient. In what order should anatomical structures be cleaned?
- Labia majora, labia minora, urethral meatus (Correct answer)
- Urethral meatus, labia minora, labia majora
- Labia minora, labia majora, urethral meatus
- Urethral meatus, labia majora, labia minora
Correct answer: Labia majora, labia minora, urethral meatus
Perineal cleaning for catheter insertion follows an outward-to-inward, clean-to-less-clean principle — outer to inner. Clean from outer (labia majora) inward to the meatus to prevent introducing microorganisms into the urethra.
Question 4: Which of the following actions best demonstrates critical thinking in nursing?
- Analyzing patient data to anticipate complications before they occur (Correct answer)
- Following the physician's orders exactly as written
- Documenting care after each shift
- Asking a colleague for advice before every decision
Correct answer: Analyzing patient data to anticipate complications before they occur
Critical thinking in nursing involves analyzing information, anticipating problems, evaluating evidence, and making sound clinical judgments. Proactive identification of complications demonstrates advanced clinical reasoning.
Question 5: A nurse is documenting patient care. Which entry is most appropriate?
- Patient states 'I have pain in my left knee.' Pain rated 6/10. Ice pack applied. (Correct answer)
- Patient appears to be in pain. Treated accordingly.
- Patient complained about knee. Nurse took appropriate action.
- Left knee pain treated per standard protocol.
Correct answer: Patient states 'I have pain in my left knee.' Pain rated 6/10. Ice pack applied.
Good nursing documentation uses objective, specific language, includes direct patient quotes, and describes exactly what was done. Vague entries like 'treated accordingly' do not meet documentation standards.
Question 6: What is the purpose of a nursing care plan?
- To provide a individualized, coordinated plan of care based on patient needs (Correct answer)
- To record physician orders for nursing staff
- To document billing information for insurance
- To schedule nursing staff assignments
Correct answer: To provide a individualized, coordinated plan of care based on patient needs
A nursing care plan provides an individualized, structured approach to patient care, outlining nursing diagnoses, expected outcomes, and specific interventions tailored to each patient's needs and goals.
Saudi Prometric Nursing Fundamentals of Nursing 2
Which layer of the skin contains the sebaceous glands and hair follicles?