SAEE Analytical Reasoning & Data Interpretation Flashcards

City A has a crime rate of 45 per 1,000 residents and a population of 50,000. City B has a rate of 30 per 1,000 and a population of 200,000. Which city has more total crimes?

Answer: City B

City A: (45/1,000) × 50,000 = 2,250 crimes; City B: (30/1,000) × 200,000 = 6,000 crimes — City B has more.

Worker A can complete a job in 6 hours and Worker B in 12 hours. How long will it take them working together?

Answer: 4 hours

Combined rate = 1/6 + 1/12 = 2/12 + 1/12 = 3/12 = 1/4, so together they finish in 4 hours.

A graph shows data points scattered with no discernible pattern. What type of correlation does this represent?

Answer: No correlation

A completely random scatter with no upward or downward trend indicates no correlation between the variables.

An analyst says: 'Sales increased every year we ran the ad campaign; therefore the campaign caused the sales increase.' What logical flaw is present?

Answer: Correlation versus causation error

Assuming that a correlation between the ad campaign and sales proves causation is the classic correlation-does-not-equal-causation fallacy.

A data set has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5. What value is exactly two standard deviations above the mean?

Answer: 60

Two standard deviations above the mean = 50 + (2 × 5) = 60.

A survey of 200 respondents shows: 80 males (40 prefer X, 40 prefer Y) and 120 females (70 prefer X, 50 prefer Y). What percentage of all respondents prefer X?

Answer: 55%

Total preferring X = 40 + 70 = 110 out of 200 respondents = 55%.

A logic puzzle states: 'If it rains, the game is cancelled. The game was not cancelled.' What can be concluded?

Answer: It did not rain

By contrapositive reasoning: if the game was not cancelled, then it did not rain — this is the logical equivalent of the original conditional.