SACA Cyber-Physical Systems 5

Question 1

Which design principle helps CPS maintain safe operation even when one or more components fail?

Accepted Answer

Fail-safe design with graceful degradation

Answer

Fail-safe design with graceful degradation ensures a CPS moves to a safe, reduced-functionality state rather than failing catastrophically.

Question 2

In the NIST CPS Framework, which domain focuses on trustworthiness properties such as safety, security, privacy, and reliability?

Accepted Answer

Trustworthiness domain

Answer

The NIST CPS Framework's trustworthiness domain explicitly addresses safety, security, privacy, reliability, and resilience as cross-cutting concerns.

Question 3

What is 'sensor fusion' and why is it valuable in CPS?

Accepted Answer

Combining data from multiple sensors to produce more accurate and reliable information than any single sensor provides

Answer

Sensor fusion merges inputs from multiple sensors to compensate for individual limitations and deliver higher-accuracy system state estimates.

Question 4

An autonomous vehicle CPS receives conflicting signals from its LIDAR and camera sensors. What control strategy should BEST resolve this?

Accepted Answer

Use a predefined arbitration algorithm that weights sensor confidence and applies sensor fusion

Answer

A confidence-weighted sensor fusion and arbitration algorithm resolves conflicts systematically while maintaining safe operation.

Question 5

What is the significance of 'latency' in feedback control loops within CPS?

Accepted Answer

Excessive latency can cause instability or unsafe behavior because control actions arrive too late to correct deviations

Answer

In closed-loop CPS control, delays beyond the system's tolerance can cause oscillation, instability, or failure to correct unsafe conditions in time.

SACA - Smart Automation Certification Alliance Practice Test

SACA - Smart Automation Certification Alliance Practice Test

SACA Cyber-Physical Systems 5